{"id":182,"date":"2023-05-31T10:38:08","date_gmt":"2023-05-31T02:38:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ascentoptics.com\/blog\/?p=182"},"modified":"2024-07-16T10:14:10","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T02:14:10","slug":"epon-a-long-haul-ethernet-access-technology-based-on-fiber-optic-transport-network","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ascentoptics.com\/blog\/epon-a-long-haul-ethernet-access-technology-based-on-fiber-optic-transport-network\/","title":{"rendered":"EPON, a long-haul Ethernet access technology based on fiber optic transport network"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

EPON is a long-range Ethernet access technology based on fiber optic transport network. EPON adopts a point-to-multipoint architecture, where a single fiber carries upstream and downstream data signals, and after 1:N splitter, the optical signal is divided into N channels, covering multiple access points or access users with optical branches.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

EPON<\/a> Network Architecture<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

EPON<\/a> is also traditionally called GEPON, without any misleading intention. The early EPON devices in the industry were based on FE(Fast Ethernet)\u00a0bus. However,\u00a0after the introduction of EPON devices based on GE(Gigabit Ethernet)\u00a0bus, they were called GEPON in order to distinguish them.\u00a0Currently, the majority of\u00a0EPON devices in the industry are basically based on GE bus. At present, they are\u00a0generally referred to as\u00a0EPON.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A typical EPON system consists of OLT, ONU, and ODN, and the network structure of EPON is shown in Figure 1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\"EPON's
Figure 1 EPON’s network structure<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

OLT is placed in the central server room, which can be regarded as an L2 switch or L3 routing switch. In the downstream\u00a0direction, the OLT provides fiber optic interfaces for passive optical networks (ODN); in the upstream\u00a0direction, the OLT will provide GE optical\/electrical interfaces, and in the future, when the 10Gbit\/s Ethernet technology standard is finalized, the OLT will also support similar high-speed interfaces. In order to provide multi-service access, OLT can also support E1 and OC3 interfaces to realize traditional voice access or circuit trunking services.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

In terms of EPON network management, the OLT serves as the main control center with built-in OAMP Agent, which can manage the ONU terminal devices under its control\u00a0and perform\u00a0the five functions of network management. It can also provide effective user isolation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

ODN is an optical distribution network, which consists of passive fiber optic splitters\u00a0and optical fibers. A passive fiber optic splitter\u00a0is a passive device that connects OLT and ONU, and its function is to distribute downstream data and centralize upstream data. The deployment of passive splitter\u00a0is highly\u00a0flexible and can be adapted to almost all environments due to\u00a0their\u00a0passive nature. The general passive fiber optic splitters\u00a0have splitting ratios of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, etc. It is generally recommended to use one level of splitting, and at most,\u00a0no more than two levels of splitting.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The ONU is a terminal device placed on the subscriber premises side. The ONU in EPON utilizes\u00a0the Ethernet protocol to achieve\u00a0cost-effective Ethernet Layer 2 switching functionality.\u00a0By employing the\u00a0Ethernet protocol, there\u00a0is no longer a need for protocol conversion\u00a0during\u00a0the communication process to achieve transparent transmission of user data from one ONU to\u00a0another. Additionally,\u00a0and encryption protocol is used between OLT and ONU to ensure the security of user data.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The advantage of EPON-based FTTH lies in its strong coverage capability, covering up to 20 km (1:32 split ratio) from the end office and connecting each optical access point through the ODN. In the traditional optical access networks, fiber optic extension range is typically limited\u00a0to the network access point.\u00a0To achieve fiber to the home, a large number of expensive\u00a0optical port access layer switches need to be configured at the access point. With the emergence and maturation\u00a0of passive optical network technology, especially the current\u00a0EPON technology, it can provide an economically\u00a0viable solution\u00a0for directly\u00a0delivering optical fiber to the end of the user, making FTTH an efficient access method. In EPON-based FTTX solutions, solving\u00a0the introduction of fiber optic cable to the buildings, OLT\u00a0planning in the community, ODN\u00a0deployment, and fiber connectivity to indoor user terminals\u00a0(OUN) has become crucial.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

EPON’s upstream and downstream technologies<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

EPON uses a single fiber between OLT and ONU to provide symmetric 1.25Gbps bandwidth,\u00a0due to limitations\u00a0of\u00a0the physical interface, it\u00a0actually provides 1Gbps bandwidth to transmit data, voice and video services.\u00a0EPON employs\u00a0wavelength division multiplexing technology on a single-core fiber, allowing\u00a0the upstream and downstream data streams to be\u00a0transmitted in different frequency bands. Among them, the<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Downlink 1490nm ;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Uplink 1310nm ;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1550nm is optional for CATV.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The downlink data stream is broadcasted, and the OLT pushes the Ethernet frame data stream in 802.3 format to all ONUs through unicast replication.\u00a0The ONUs determine whether to receive the frames by judging the LLID (Logical Link ID) assigned by the OLT in the Ethernet frame header.\u00a0They receive\u00a0the data frames that belong to them and discard\u00a0the ones\u00a0that do not. This is shown in Figure 2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\"EPON
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Figure 2\u00a0 EPON Downlink Data Stream<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The uplink data stream adopts Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technology, which divides the uplink time into multiple\u00a0time slots, Based on the allocated bandwidth and service priority\u00a0of each ONU,different time slots are assigned\u00a0to their respective\u00a0uplink data streams.\u00a0At each time slot,\u00a0only one ONU’s uplink data stream is transmitted over\u00a0the fiber. Through negotiation between OLT and ONU, conflicts between uplink data streams from different ONUs\u00a0are avoided,\u00a0ensuring\u00a0no data loss occurs.\u00a0As shown in Figure 3.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\"EPON
Figure 3 EPON Uplink Data Stream<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Comparison of EPON and ADSL<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

After several years of vigorous development, ADSL has become the most popular broadband access method for China’s fixed network operators.\u00a0By transmitting broadband data, and ADSL makes full use of the copper wire resources of fixed network operators ,\u00a0making\u00a0it\u00a0one of the best choices for operators like China Telecom and China Netcom in the early stage\u00a0of broadband access.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

ADSL\/ADSL2+ service is an asymmetric transmission broadband access technology with a limited uplink bandwidth of less than 1Mbps\u00a0and a maximum downlink bandwidth of up to 26Mbps.\u00a0In actual commercial use, it covers\u00a0a distance of no more than 3km, generally providing a downlink bandwidth\u00a0ranging from 512Kbps to 2Mbps and is mainly applied for public Internet access.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

However, with the rise of various new services, especially video services, users’ bandwidth requirements are increasing.\u00a0The rapid growth of applications such as blogging, online gaming, instant messaging, broadband telephony, video telephony, and personal photo album sharing\u00a0has led to an increased demand\u00a0for uplink bandwidth\u00a0from users.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

In the broadband network\u00a0planning of China Telecom and China Netcom, the future two-way bandwidth for individual users will reach 10M~20M. The bandwidth of ADSL is strictly limited by the transmission distance, and the higher bandwidth can only be achieved over\u00a0short distances, Even with\u00a0the transformation of \u201cfiber to\u00a0copper” and shortening the coverage of ADSL, it can only meet the bandwidth requirements to a certain extent\u00a0and\u00a0for\u00a0a certain period of time. Even after the transformation\u00a0of \u201cfiber to copper” and the reduction of ADSL\u00a0coverage area, it can only meet the bandwidth requirement within a certain period of time and to a certain extent.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The bandwidth of fiber-based access network is theoretically infinitely scalable. Therefore, with the maturity of EPON technology, its high bandwidth and long-distance coverage make EPON an inevitable choice\u00a0for technology development, replacing\u00a0ADSL technology.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Compared to\u00a0ADSL, EPON has higher initial construction\u00a0expenses, including the preliminary equipment cost and fiber laying cost. However, due to the use of passive optical network technology\u00a0for\u00a0network\u00a0connectivity, fiber-based PON technology has significantly lower\u00a0operation and maintenance costs compared to\u00a0ADSL and copper wire.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The ability to provide higher bandwidth and longer-distance service coverage through lower post-operation and maintenance costs, allows for the provision of additional new services,\u00a0bringing more business revenue, can relatively offset the investment in equipment and line costs. The cost of fiber is already low, FTTX has entered a period\u00a0of rapid growth, and the cost of equipment will continue to decrease during construction. Therefore, by deploying EPON, operators can enhance the competitiveness of the full range of services, including broadband access, thereby stabilizing subscriber resources and even regaining\u00a0lost subscribers, which will bring more business revenue to operators and benefit them in the long run.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Technical advantages of EPON<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

With the maturity of EPON technology, mainstream carriers in the industry have begun\u00a0large scale\u00a0deployment of EPON systems to launch FTTX applications.\u00a0They aim\u00a0to realize Triple Play (triple play, providing voice, data and video services) on this basis to build a triple-play access platform.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Since 2004, EPON technology has been widely deployed in mature FTTH markets such as\u00a0Japan, Korea, as well as the US and Europe, further driving the\u00a0the prosperity of IPTV business. In the Chinese market, EPON products have been piloted and commercially available in all provinces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

EPON technology uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to achieve a symmetric 1 Gbps bandwidth on a single fiber, and it enables downstream\u00a0splitting in close proximity to the customer segment, saving a lot of backbone fiber resources. Another advantage of EPON system is its strong coverage capability, with a maximum coverage of 20 km at 1:32 split ratio and 10 km at 1:64 split ratio. This ensures reliable equipment converge. Under 1:32 split ratio, the average bandwidth of each ONU user can reach more than 30M, providing\u00a0sufficient\u00a0bandwidth\u00a0guarantee\u00a0for\u00a0video services.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The use of passive optical splitters in EPON systems\u00a0saves significant\u00a0maintenance resources, including saving server rooms\u00a0and power supply packages, thereby reducing the overall\u00a0construction and maintenance costs of FTTX networks. The decreasing\u00a0cost of optical fiber in recent years has contributed to the cost reduction of cable infrastructure in FTTX deployments.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

At present, the broadband access services provided by the operators are mainly two types:\u00a0ADSL and LAN access.\u00a0Additionally, with the increasing demand for bandwidth, VDSL is also gradually becoming an option. Other access methods, such as Cable Modem, power line access, have\u00a0limited market share\u00a0due to\u00a0resource\u00a0constraints in the industry.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EPON is a long-range Ethernet access technology based on fiber optic transport network. EPON adopts a point-to-multipoint architecture, where a single fiber carries upstream and downstream data signals, and after 1:N splitter, the optical signal is divided into N channels, covering multiple access points or access users with optical branches. EPON Network Architecture EPON is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":242,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_wpscp_schedule_draft_date":"","_wpscp_schedule_republish_date":"","_wpscppro_advance_schedule":false,"_wpscppro_advance_schedule_date":"","_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"default","_selected_social_profile":null},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"yoast_head":"\nEPON, a long-haul Ethernet access technology - AscentOptics Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EPON is a long-range Ethernet access technology based on fiber optic transport network that adopts a point-to-multipoint architecture.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ascentoptics.com\/blog\/epon-a-long-haul-ethernet-access-technology-based-on-fiber-optic-transport-network\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EPON, a long-haul Ethernet access technology - 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